Deutsche Brauerei Essay

The agenda attached (EXHIIBT 1) became the focus of Ms. Greta Schweitzer’s concentration for the next 24 hours. She relied on her team from her EMBA class in Frankfurt to assist her with the recommendations she would need to address this board tomorrow morning. Upon initial analysis, it became obvious that DB was in trouble with respect to the Ukraine market, much less the proposed capital expansion. Several items alarmed the team when we read the statements from both Lukas Schweitzer and Oleg Pinchuk. The sales and marketing manager has an obviously different approach than that which made DB successful in the past. Oleg Pinchuk has extended credit to its â€Å"distributors† which is causing a rise in sales and accordingly an increase in his salary (as it is based on sales). This needs to be corrected; given such a volatile environment and this firm’s recent history, a person in his position should earn a salary based on accounts receivable collections, rather than sales. Perhaps then, his discretion would be more restrictive with respect to extension of credit. Furthermore, if the distributors are in fact expanding and enhancing their stores by purchasing new equipment and restocking inventories, then obviously they have the cash to pay DB for their outstanding invoices. This raises considerable questions regarding the prudence of â€Å"trade-credit extensions† and compensation packages offered Mr. Pinchuk, and accordingly, we recommend his termination. A new salary structure and job description delineating required results can be negotiated with Mr. Pinchuk’s replacement. When considering adopting the budget for 2001, we must consider the proposed expansion and investments in new plant and equipment (warehouse and distribution center). With the overuse of short term debt and a borrowing rate over 2% higher than the government rate, it will be impossible to finance this capital expansion. We cannot recommend approval of the budget in its current form. There is not enough cash being collected, too much inventory carried on behalf of the distributors, too much risky short term debt and too many capital improvements budgeted to justify this expansion. Without actually collecting cash from the receivables, we do not recommend declaring any additional dividends, as indicated in the budget. Historically, declared and paid dividends were right at or below $2,000 (in thousands of Euros) and the proposed budget increases those to well over $3,200. We recommend restricting dividends declared to what was done in the past, without any increase. Once collections are received and with the change in marketing, credit policies, and inventory control, the company would be in a better financial position to pay additional dividends. As a matter of final note, we strongly urge the Board of Directors of DB to consider the short term effects of expanding into a new market economy. The Ukraine is just transitioning into becoming a market economy (experiencing supply and demand that guides the allocation of resources). Such a transition is politically and socially difficult for businesses because of rising inflation, unemployment, and economic uncertainty. We have serious questions about the vitality of DB and whether it can survive until the long term benefits of this transition are realized.

Vampire Academy Chapter 14

FOURTEEN I CONTINUED SPYING ON LISSA over the next couple of days, feeling mildly guilty each time. She'd always hated it when I did by accident, and now I did it on purpose. Steadily, I watched as she reintegrated herself into the royal power players one by one. She couldn't do group compulsion, but catching one person alone was just as effective, if slower. And really, a lot didn't need to be compelled to start hanging out with her again. Many weren't as shallow as they seemed; they remembered Lissa and liked her for who she was. They flocked to her, and now, a month and a half after our return to the Academy, it was like she'd never left at all. And during this rise to fame, she advocated for me and rallied against Mia and Jesse. One morning, I tuned into her while she was getting ready for breakfast. She'd spent the last twenty minutes blow-drying and straightening her hair, something she hadn't done in a while. Natalie, sitting on the bed in their room, watched the process with curiosity. When Lissa moved on to makeup, Natalie finally spoke. â€Å"Hey, we're going to watch a movie in Erin's room after school. You going to come?† I'd always made jokes about Natalie being boring, but her friend Erin had the personality of dry wall. â€Å"Can't. I'm going to help Camille bleach Carly's hair.† â€Å"You sure spend a lot of time with them now.† â€Å"Yeah, I guess.† Lissa dabbed mascara across her lashes, instantly making her eyes look bigger. â€Å"I thought you didn't like them anymore.† â€Å"I changed my mind.† â€Å"They sure seem to like you a lot now. I mean, not that anyone wouldn't like you, but once you came back and didn't talk to them, they seemed okay ignoring you too. I heard them talking about you a lot. I guess that's not surprising, because they're Mia's friends too, but isn't it weird how much they like you now? Like, I hear them always waiting to see what you want to do before they make plans and stuff. And a bunch of them are defending Rose now, which is really crazy. Not that I believe any of that stuff about her, but I never would have thought it was possible – â€Å" Underneath Natalie's rambling was the seed of suspicion, and Lissa picked up on it. Natalie probably never would have dreamed of compulsion, but Lissa couldn't risk innocent questions turning into something more. â€Å"You know what?† she interrupted. â€Å"Maybe I will swing by Erin's after all. I bet Carly's hair won't take that long.† The offer derailed Natalie's train of thought. â€Å"Really? Oh wow, that would be great. She was telling me how sad she was that you're not around as much anymore, and I told her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  On it went. Lissa continued her compulsion and return to popularity. I watched it all quietly, always worrying, even though her efforts were starting to reduce the stares and gossip about me. â€Å"This is going to backfire,† I whispered to her in church one day. â€Å"Someone's going to start wondering and asking questions.† â€Å"Stop being so melodramatic. Power shifts all the time around here.† â€Å"Not like this.† â€Å"You don't think my winning personality could do this on its own?† â€Å"Of course I do, but if Christian spotted it right away, then someone else will – â€Å" My words were interrupted when two guys farther down the pew suddenly exploded into snickers. Glancing up, I saw them looking right at me, not even bothering to hide their smirks. Looking away, I tried to ignore them, suddenly hoping the priest would start up soon. But Lissa returned their looks, and a sudden fierceness flashed across her face. She didn't say a word, but their smiles grew smaller under her heavy gaze. â€Å"Tell her you're sorry,† she told them. â€Å"And make sure she believes it.† A moment later, they practically fell all over themselves apologizing to me and begging for forgiveness. I couldn't believe it. She'd used compulsion in public – in church, of all places. And on two people at the same time. They finally exhausted their supply of apologies, but Lissa wasn't finished. â€Å"That's the best you can do?† she snapped. Their eyes widened in alarm, both terrified that they'd angered her. â€Å"Liss,† I said quickly, touching her arm. â€Å"It's okay I, uh, accept their apologies.† Her face still radiated disapproval, but she finally nodded. The guys slumped in relief. Yikes. I'd never felt so relieved to have a service start. Through the bond, I felt a sort of dark satisfaction coming from Lissa. It was uncharacteristic for her, and I didn't like it. Needing to distract myself from her troubling behavior, I studied other people as I so often did. Nearby, Christian openly watched Lissa, a troubled look on his face. When he saw me, he scowled and turned away. Dimitri sat in the back as usual, for once not scanning every corner for danger. His attention was turned inward, his expression almost pained. I still didn't know why he came to church. He always seemed to be wrestling with something. In the front, the priest was talking about St. Vladimir again. â€Å"His spirit was strong, and he was truly gifted by God. When he touched them, the crippled walked, and the blind could see. Where he walked, flowers bloomed.† Man, the Moroi needed to get more saints – Healing cripples and blind people? I'd forgotten all about St. Vladimir. Mason had mentioned Vladimir bringing people back from the dead, and it had reminded me of Lissa at the time. Then other things had distracted me. I hadn't thought about the saint or his â€Å"shadow-kissed† guardian – and their bond – in a while. How could I have overlooked this? Ms. Karp, I realized, wasn't the only other Moroi who could heal like Lissa. Vladimir could too. â€Å"And all the while, the masses gathered to him, loving him, eager to follow his teachings and hear him preach the word of God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Turning, I stared at Lissa. She gave me a puzzled look. â€Å"What?† I didn't get a chance to elaborate – I don't even know if I could have formed the words – because I was whisked back to my prison almost as soon as I stood up at the end of the service. Back in my room, I went online to research St. Vladimir but turned up nothing useful. Damn it. Mason had skimmed the books in the library and said there was little there. What did that leave me with? I had no way of learning more about that dusty old saint. Or did I? What had Christian said that first day with Lissa? Over there, we have an old box full of the writings of the blessed and crazy St. Vladimir. The storage room above the chapel. It had the writings. Christian had pointed them out. I needed to look at them, but how? I couldn't ask the priest. How would he react if he found out students were going up there? It'd put an end to Christian's lair. But maybe†¦maybe Christian himself could help. It was Sunday, though, and I wouldn't see him until tomorrow afternoon. Even then, I didn't know if I'd get a chance to talk to him alone. While heading out to practice later, I stopped in the dorm's kitchen to grab a granola bar. As I did, I passed a couple of novice guys, Miles and Anthony. Miles whistled when he saw me. â€Å"How's it been going, Rose? You getting lonely? Want some company?† Anthony laughed. â€Å"I can't bite you, but I can give you something else you want.† I had to pass through the doorway they stood in to get outside. Glaring, I pushed past, but Miles caught me around the waist, his hand sliding down to my butt. â€Å"Get your hands off my ass before I break your face,† I told him, jerking away. In doing so, I only bumped into Anthony. â€Å"Come on,† Anthony said, â€Å"I thought you didn't have a problem taking on two guys at the same time.† A new voice spoke up. â€Å"If you guys don't walk away right now, I'll take both of you on.† Mason. My hero. â€Å"You're so full of it, Ashford,† said Miles. He was the bigger of the two and left me to go square off with Mason. Anthony backed off from me, more interested in whether or not there'd be a fight. There was so much testosterone in the air, I felt like I needed a gas mask. â€Å"Are you doing her too?† Miles asked Mason. â€Å"You don't want to share?† â€Å"Say one more word about her, and I'll rip your head off.† â€Å"Why? She's just a cheap blood – â€Å" Mason punched him. It didn't rip Miles' head off or even cause anything to break or bleed, but it looked like it hurt. His eyes widened, and he lunged toward Mason. The sound of doors opening in the hall caused everyone to freeze. Novices got in a lot of trouble for fighting. â€Å"Probably some guardians coming.† Mason grinned. â€Å"You want them to know you were beating up on a girl?† Miles and Anthony exchanged glances. â€Å"Come on,† Anthony said. â€Å"Let's go. We don't have time for this.† Miles reluctantly followed. â€Å"I'll find you later, Ashford.† When they were gone, I turned on Mason. † ? ®Beat up on a girl'?† â€Å"You're welcome,† he said drily. â€Å"I didn't need your help.† â€Å"Sure. You were doing just fine on your own.† â€Å"They caught me off guard, that's all. I could have dealt with them eventually.† â€Å"Look, don't take being pissed off at them out on me.† â€Å"I just don't like being treated like†¦a girl.† â€Å"You are a girl. And I was just trying to help.† I looked at him and saw the earnestness on his face. He meant well. No point in being a bitch to him when I had so many other people to hate lately. â€Å"Well†¦thanks. Sorry I snapped at you.† We talked a little bit, and I managed to get him to spill some more school gossip. He had noticed Lissa's rise in status but didn't seem to find it strange. As I talked to him, I noticed the adoring look he always got around me spread across his face. It made me sad to have him feel that way about me. Guilty, even. How hard would it be, I wondered, to go out with him? He was nice, funny, and reasonably good-looking. We got along. Why did I get caught up in so many messes with other guys when I had a perfectly sweet one here who wanted me? Why couldn't I just return his feelings? The answer came to me before I'd even finished asking myself the question. I couldn't be Mason's girlfriend because when I imagined someone holding me and whispering dirty things in my ear, he had a Russian accent. Mason continued watching me admiringly, oblivious to what was going on in my head. And seeing that adoration, I suddenly realized how I could use it to my advantage. Feeling a little guilty, I shifted my conversation to a more flirty style and watched Mason's glow increase. I leaned beside him on the wall so our arms just touched and gave him a lazy smile. â€Å"You know, I still don't approve of your whole hero thing, but you did scare them. That was almost worth it.† â€Å"But you don't approve?† I trailed fingers up his arm. â€Å"No. I mean, it's hot in principle but not in practice.† He laughed. â€Å"The hell it isn't.† He caught hold of my hand and gave me a knowing look. â€Å"Sometimes you need to be saved. I think you like being saved sometimes and just can't admit it.† â€Å"And I think you get off on saving people and just can't admit it.† â€Å"I don't think you know what gets me off. Saving damsels like you is just the honorable thing to do,† he declared loftily. I repressed the urge to smack him over the use of damsels. â€Å"Then prove it. Do me a favor just because it's ? ®the right thing to do.' â€Å" â€Å"Sure,† he said immediately. â€Å"Name it.† â€Å"I need you to get a message to Christian Ozera.† His eagerness faltered. â€Å"What the – ? You aren't serious.† â€Å"Yes. Completely.† â€Å"Rose†¦I can't talk to him. You know that.† â€Å"I thought you said you'd help. I thought you said helping ? ®damsels' is the honorable thing to do.† â€Å"I don't really see how honor's involved here.† I gave him the most smoldering look I could manage. He caved. â€Å"What do you want me to tell him?† â€Å"Tell him I need St. Vladimir's books. The ones in storage. He needs to sneak them to me soon. Tell him it's for Lissa. And tell him†¦tell him I lied the night of the reception.† I hesitated. â€Å"Tell him I'm sorry.† â€Å"That doesn't make any sense.† â€Å"It doesn't have to. Just do it. Please?† I turned on the beauty queen smile again. With hasty assurances that he'd see what he could do, he left for lunch, and I went off to practice.

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Discuss the view that men are the new victims of equality in Essay

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Calcium Chloride Essay Example for Free

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Emergency Operations Essay Example for Free

Emergency Operations Essay Washington is situated in the Pacific Coast, Northeast of the United States. It lies in a geographical region endowed with rain forests though some parts are dominated by a semi desert. The Washington state has varied climatic conditions with the oceanic climate dominating the west and drier conditions in the east. The annual temperature range on average stands between 39-52? F. The Washington community is a big community accommodating residents from all walks of life engaged in various tools of trade. The community has been victim to various catastrophic disasters that have called for emergency responses in the past. Its high vulnerability nature to disasters therefore makes it the ideal case to illustrate an Emergency response plan (ERP) model. The disasters range from volcanoes, fires, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, winter storms, nuclear explosions, acts of terrorism, collapse of buildings among others. This ERP intends to particularly address the entire range of natural, hybrid and man made disasters . The plan is geared towards eventually offering solutions for the hazards that might culminate to such any of the above mentioned types of disasters, and also highlight the components of an effective ERP that would be able to act to minimize the effects disasters where they can not be controlled A disaster can be briefly defined as a sudden calamitous event that occurs and leads to loss of lives, damage to property ,causes unexpected hardships and cannot be effectively contained by use of ordinary procedures and resources(Schneid Collins, 2000). Natural disasters are those that occur majorly because of acts of nature, they occur slowly and insidiously before they severely manifest outwardly. They might be predictable because some areas are prone to some particular disasters but little can be done to control their occurrence. Examples of such disasters in the Washington Community include tornadoes, wind storms, ice storms among others. Man made disasters are those whose occurrence has entirely been induced by man in his daily activities. Hybrid disasters on the other hand are triggered by a combination or rather both natural and human actions such as deforestation that are current resulting to the current situation of global warming and subsequently affecting sea levels of cities on the coastal lines leading to floods. The effects of the disasters are severe broad and of a great magnitude ranging from losses of billions of dollars to damage that can not be quantified such as human life and also creating scenarios that need evacuations, widespread searches, casualties and rescue operations. Thus the solution lies in putting in place early warning and preparedness mechanisms in form of an Emergency response plan that will ensure that the community is adequately prepared to response in the occurrence of the disaster notwithstanding its type. Emergency Response Plan framework: Washington state community The very fist step in disaster preparedness and therefore formulation of an ERP is to identify the potential risks, evaluating the probability of those risks actually occurring and then assessing the probable damage and gauging the community’s vulnerability to the disaster (Lindell et al, 2001). The ERP needs to be a document compiled in agreement by all the stakeholders that are critical in the community’s disaster preparedness programmes. The plan needs to entail comprehensive risk analysis and valid risk predictions based on research and also include well thought early warning and disaster monitoring systems. The mandates and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the emergency response structure also need to be clearly indicated. The framework will need to entail models and plans for training disaster responders and rescue teams, together with all the personnel that come in handy at the onset of disasters from the various service providers in the community. Methodologies of risk communication, information dissemination and community awareness creation will also be encompassed. The intention is to help the ordinary community member personalize the risk and equip him with the right attitude, knowledge, and skills for self protection at the onset of a disaster. This should be done periodically to ensure the community accepts, retains and processes the information therefore becoming capable of acting in time of emergency. The community including the responders can carrying out mock drills and exercises to help them understand better the emergency scenarios and the whole concepts of emergency response. Additionally the community can be equipped with basic resources that will come in handy in the onset of the disasters. Indications of stock piling in the document are also critical to ensure that the necessary material resources and equipment will be available. Advance agreements therefore need to be made with the appropriate response suppliers in this regard (Eshghi Larson, 2008). In addition preparations for activating emergency reception programmes need to be put in place. The framework needs to as well include mechanisms geared towards tackling both the natural, manmade and hybrid disasters root causes. In conclusion early warning, response facilities and communication systems are invaluable assets all of which must be addressed in any ERP framework. Reference List Department of Homeland Security. (2004). National Response Plan (NRP) Course Summary (ISO 800). Retrieved on July 15, 2009, http://www. wnysmart. org/references/NRP summary. pdf Eshghi K, Larson, R. (2008). Journal of Disaster Prevention and Management, 17(1), 62. Retrieved from Proquest on July 15, 2009. Lindell K. (2001). Facing the unexpected:disaster preparedness and response in the United States. Washington,DC: Joseph Henry Press, p121-124 Schneid, T. Collins L. (2000). Disaster management and preparedness. U. S: CRC Press, p 2-3

Gender Differences in Body Image

Gender Differences in Body Image Body Image and Gender Difference: A Study of Epic Proportions Introduction Body image is defined as â€Å"The subjective picture or mental image of one’s own body†, with a statement as broad as this it is easy to see how there are discrepancies when it comes to how one chooses to view themselves. The constant input of ideal body types from the media and outside sources bombards one’s mind and can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction and a longing for change. This study aimed to closely examine body image, gender differences, and confidence to perform physical activity in relation to students attending their first-year program at university. This correlation is important to study because it addresses topics such as body image and the role physical activity plays in the lives of individuals which can be applied to everyday life. Predicting that females will have a stronger relationship with negative body image than males is a valid expectation when it is formed on the basis that women have a biological predisposition to higher body fat percentages, along with societies idealized standard of beauty which increasingly insists on women being thin (Cash, Morrow, Hrabosky & Perry, 2004). The study Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Male and Female First-Year College Students (Lowery et al., 2005) supports this prediction. Men displayed more positive body image than women, which may be influenced by societal expectations for women being more extreme than those for men. These findings are consistent with other studies (Silberstein, Striegel-Moore, Timko, & Rodin, 1988) where despite the majority of both male and female participants selecting an ideal body that differed from their perceived figures, twice as many females had chosen an ideal figure that was two or more figures apart from thei r perceived figure.   Compared to men, women reported more body surveillance, greater body shame, a greater discrepancy between their ideal and real body figures, and more dissatisfaction with their weight and physical appearance (Lowery et al., 2005). Evidence in studies also suggests that there is a positive relationship between physical activity and body image (Alfermann & Stoll, 2000) (Campbell & Hausenblas, 2009). A six-month exercise program composed of 24 males and 24 females, compared to a control group, produced results that showed that the exercise group improved in physical self-concept significantly in comparison to the control group. Further analysis determined that the only variable that differed considerably between males and females was perceived physical fitness (Alfermann & Stoll, 2000). All other dependent variables were similar between participants of both sexes at the beginning of the study. Therefore, while both males and females increased in positive body image consistently with each other throughout the study, the difference in body image between men and women also remained consistent throughout the study. Another similar study (Sà ¡nchez-Miguel, Leo, Amado, Pulido, & Sà ¡nchez-Oliva, 2017) showed that not only did females have a more negative body image than males, regardless of the effects of physical activity, but that intrinsic motivation towards exercise was greater in males while amotivation was more prominent in females. Research suggests that this may be explained due to women’s tendency to associate body dissatisfaction with the concept of self-esteem (Furnham, Badmin & Sneade, 2002), which could potentially discourage women from exercising, while male self-esteem seemed to have no correlation with body dissatisfaction, thus had no effect on motivation to exercise. Additional research can be used to associate poor self-esteem adversely influencing women’s lower levels of motivation to exercise with the consensus that females have a more negative body image.   A relevant study showed patterns that indicated that those with a higher positive body image were more likely to engage in physical activity in comparison to those with a predominantly negative body image (Kruger, Lee, Ainsworth & Marcera, 2008). Dr. Kruger’s study, Body Size Satisfaction, and Physical Activity Levels Among Men and Women, tested the correlation between body image and physical exercise. The results of this study found that 55.8% of men and 53.3% of women with positive body image exercised regularly. Regardless of participants actual weight, those who were satisfied with their body had a higher probability of engaging in physical activity than those less satisfied. The main questions this study is looking to answer are; how satisfied are students with their bodies, are confidence to manage and perform physical activity, body mass index (BMI) or actual physical activity levels related to body-image satisfaction in this population and lastly, do men have more positive body-image satisfaction than women. It is also predicted that females will have lower body satisfaction and overall body image scores than males based off prior results from other similar studies. Methods Participants The sample for this study consisted of 112 first year students, with 73 females and 39 males. Ranging in ages from 18-24, the average age for females was 18.5 and the average age for males was 18.7, with an overall average age of 18.6 years. Measures The approach used for this study was a one-time qualitative online questionnaire filled out by the first year students enrolled in the course. The questionnaire assessed the psychological variables by using a modified version of the self-efficacy measures (Shields & Brawley, 2007) to look at confidence to manage and perform physical activity. It also uses The Adult Body Satisfaction Questionnaire based on the body-cathexis scale (Secord & Jourard, 1953) to measure body image, and The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin, 2011) to measure physical activity. Finally, it calculates BMI (measured by weight in kg/height in meters squared) and individual demographics such as age and sex. The results were then combined into a spreadsheet that compiled all of the given information (sex, age, height, weight, level of physical activity, years in sport, confidence levels and individual physical appearance satisfaction). This method of data collection is seen as an accessible way of composing a large set of data quickly and easily. Procedures The study conducted was cross-sectional involving first-year students completing a one-time, anonymous, online questionnaire specific to body image, confidence, physical activity, body mass index and demographics such as age and gender. The participants were asked to rank their satisfaction on a scale of 1-7 relating to specific questions. Some of the questions included; In the past 4 weeks how satisfied have you been with your overall level of physical fitness? In the past 4 weeks, how satisfied have you been with your physical ability to do what you want or need to do? In the past 4 weeks, how satisfied have you been with your overall physical appearance? The dependent variable was the students completing the online questionnaire. The independent variable was the questionnaire that was created for the study, this is because the questions did not change at any point, therefore, staying consistent throughout the study no matter whether the students completed the questionnaire or not.    Results Table 1 shows the total number of students enrolled in first-yearthat completed the survey. The table has been separated by gender as well as combined to give an overall view. Demographics such as age, height, weight, and body mass index have also been included to give background information as to who is representing the population. In general, there is an observable difference in the number of females versus males that participated in the study as can be seen in Table 1. Table 1: General Population Information Table 2 represents the male, female and overall average involvement in sport and physical activity, as well as reported confidence levels and body satisfaction. On average with regard to the population, females had a slightly lower body satisfaction score when compared to males, as well as a significantly lower reported confidence than the males. Overall females scored lower than males in each category. This data shows that students had an overall body satisfaction of 64.29%, with males averaging 73.29% and females averaging 59.57%. This shows that in the population males have a 13.72% higher body satisfaction than females and an overall more positive body image. Table 2: Physical Activity and Body Image Scores Both male and female students were represented as different populations in this study, using a two-sample equal variance T-test with a two-tail distribution the average body satisfaction of male and female students at Acadia University was calculated. The test had an alpha value of 0.05 (probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is true) and a p-value of 0.0002 (the result of the T-test). The null hypothesis (Ho) should be rejected because the p-value is less than the alpha value, also represented as 0.0002 ≠¤ 0.05. The null hypothesis is that neither male or female students will have any difference in body satisfaction when compared to each other. The Pearsons correlation (represented by r) was used to calculate the strength of a relationship between two variables. Average body satisfaction and total physical activity for the entire population presented a moderate, positive, linear relationship (r= 0.22). For males, the relationship is weak, negative, linear (r= -0.1) and with females, the relationship is moderate, positive, linear (r= 0.38). Average body satisfaction and BMI overall shows a moderate, negative, linear correlation (r= -0.19), males presented a moderate, positive, linear correlation (r= 0.24) and females presented a strong, negative, linear correlation (r= -0.39). Average body image satisfaction and confidence to manage PA (physical activity) presented an overall strong, positive, linear correlation (r=0.48), males presented a weak, positive, linear correlation (r= 0.13) and females presented a strong, positive, linear correlation (r= 0.48). The correlation between body image satisfaction and confidence to perform PA (physical activity) presented an overall moderate, positive, linear correlation (r=0.3) men presented a weak, negative, linear correlation (r= -0.11) and females presented a strong, positive, linear correlation (r= 0.32). In addition, average body satisfaction and total MVPA (moderate to vigorous physical activity) presented a moderate, positive linear relationship (r= 0.38). When the population was split into male and female it showed that males have a weak, negative, linear relationship (r= 0.09) and females have a strong, positive, linear relationship (r= 0.54). Overall average body satisfaction and confidence presented a strong, positive, linear relationship (r= 0.44) when the population was split into male and female, however, the results change slightly. Males presented a weak, positive, linear relationship (r= 0.045) and females present a strong, positive, linear relationship (r= 0.46). These results indicate that the relationship between average body satisfaction and reported confidence is a much stronger correlation for females than males. Average confidence to manage PA (physical activity) and years in sport is a moderate, positive, linear relationship (r=0.37). The correlation between confidence to perform PA (physical activity) and years in sport have a moderate, positive, linear relationship (r= 0.22), with very little difference when the population was split into male and female. The correlation scale is based on r≠¤ 0.2 representing a weak correlation, 0.2 ≠¤ r >0.4 representing a moderate correlation and r >0.4 being a strong correlation. As shown in Graph 1 females tend to decrease in body satisfaction as BMI increases. Graph 1 As shown in Graph 2 males tend to increase in body satisfaction as BMI increases. Graph 2 Discussion The overall findings showed that first-year students have an overall body satisfaction of 64.29%, where males tend to score 73.29% in contrast to females who average 59.57%. This shows that in the population males have a 13.72% higher body satisfaction than females and an overall more positive body image. This supports the original hypothesis that females will have a lower body satisfaction and overall body image scores than males. When looking at the relationship between average body satisfaction and total physical activity there was a moderate positive relationship for the overall population. Looking at the men, the relationship was weak and negative and for the females, it was similar to the overall population with a moderate positive relationship. This means that for women there is a connection between how they feel about their bodies and the amount of physical activity they do in a week, the opposite can be said for men. Looking at the correlation between body satisfaction and body mass index shows that on average there is a moderate negative relationship. Meaning that the lower the BMI the higher the body satisfaction, this is especially true for females. Body image satisfaction and confidence to manage physical activity had an overall strong relationship but when the population was split up into men and women it showed that the correlation was much stronger for females than it was for males. Meaning that for women the more comfortable they are in their bodies the more comfortable they are managing physical activity. Similar to the last findings when looking at body image and confidence to perform instead of managing physical activity females had a much stronger correlation between the two variables than men did. As predicted, this study found that women tend to have more negative body image than men. These findings are consistent with several studies that also concluded that males displayed higher body satisfaction than females (Lowery et al., 2005; Alfermann & Stoll, 2000; Kruger et al., 2008). The results of this study also suggest that societal expectations for women to be thin could be a factor in why females exhibit negative body image more than men. The findings of this study show that when BMI increases, average body satisfaction decreases in females, but increases in males or is unaffected by BMI. This directly corresponds with the findings of (Lowery et al., 2005) who found the same correlations. Additionally, our results which found a lower average confidence to perform in females (72.60) than in males (86.15) coincide with those of (Alfermann & Stoll, 2000) which stated that when there were no sex differences in dependent variables, they found a significant difference in perceived physical fitness where in females were much lower than males. Another similarity between our study and the one of (Alfermann & Stoll, 2000) is that of increased body satisfaction in those who are more physically active regardless of gender. Alfermann explains, â€Å"†¦exercise intervention conditions had improved body image compared to control conditions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Alfermann & Stoll, 2000) which can be translated in to our study, which takes place in day-to-day life, by concluding that those who exercise more regularly would similarly resemble that of those partaking in the exercise and those who exercise less would closer resemble the control group. Due to the fact that these findings are similar to the results from other studies, it is not hard to believe these results. With that, these findings can be applied to real-world scenarios focusing on body image in general for both men and women or looking more closely at the effects (positive and negative) physical activity has on women. Due to the fact that this study was conducted on first-year students ranging from ages 18-24, it would be easy to apply these principles to others of the same age range or close to it. It would also be possible to use these findings to try and proactively educate girls about these findings at a young age. This could potentially help them learn to be more satisfied with their bodies throughout their lives, which would hopefully pass on to future generations. It is important to note that even though this study follows the trend of other similar studies there are always discrepancies, and due to the fact that this data is based solely on a one-time survey there is definitely room for error. Meaning that there is no way to draw a final conclusion, simply use this information as an additional source. A next step to build off of this study could be to add 2nd, 3rd and 4th-year students, which would expand the population giving a broader understanding of the results.   References Alfermann, D., & Stoll, O. (2000). Effects of physical exercise on self-concept and well-being.   Ã‚  Ã‚   International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(1), 47-65 Campbell, A., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2009). Effects of Exercise Interventions on Body Image. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(6), 780-793. doi:10.1177/1359105309338977   Cash, T. F., Morrow, J. A., Hrabosky, J. I., & Perry, A. A. (2004). How Has Body Image Changed? A Cross-Sectional Investigation of College Women and Men From 1983 to    2001. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(6), 10811089.doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.6.1081 Furnham, A., Badmin, N., & Sneade, I. (2002). Body Image Dissatisfaction: Gender Differences  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem, and Reasons for Exercise. The Journal of Psychology,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   136(6), 581-596. doi:10.1080/00223980209604820   Kirkcaldy, B. D., Shephard, R. J., & Siefen, R. G. (2002). The relationship between physical   activity and self-image and problem behaviour among adolescents. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37(11), 544-550. doi:10.1007/s00127-002-0554-7 Kruger, J., Lee, C., Ainsworth, B. E., & Macera, C. A. (2008). Body Size Satisfaction and Physical Activity Levels Among Men and Women. Obesity, 16(8), 1976-1979. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.311 Lowery, S. E., Kurpius, S. E., Befort, C., Blanks, E. H., Sollenberger, S., Nicpon, M. F., & Huser, L. (2005). Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Male and Female First Year College Students. Journal of College Student Development, 46(6), 612 623. doi:10.1353/csd.2005.0062   Sà ¡nchez-Miguel, P. A., Leo, F. M., Amado, D., Pulido, J. J., & Sà ¡nchez-Oliva, D. (2017). Relationships Between Physical Activity Levels, Self-Identity, Body Dissatisfaction and Motivation Among Spanish High School Students. Journal of Human Kinetics, 59(1).    doi:10.1515/hukin-2017-0145   Silberstein, L. R., Striegel-Moore, R. H., Timko, C., & Rodin, J. (1988). Behavioral and psychological implications of body dissatisfaction: Do men and women differ? Sex Roles, 19(3-4), 219-232. doi:10.1007/bf00290156

Government and Politics - We Need Election Reform in America Essay

"Knowledge will forever govern ignorance, and a people who mean to be their own governors, must arm themselves with the power knowledge gives. A popular government without popular information or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy or perhaps both." -- James Madison ("Focus" 1) The United States has strived to be a true democracy, a place in which the citizens are free to govern themselves, since its inception. For a democracy to work, the citizens must remain knowledgeable and elections must remain unbiased. Our current system of electing presidents fails in both of these regards: citizens are only given two choices that stand any chance of winning and their decisions between those two candidates are influenced not by knowledge, but instead by what they have seen on thirty second television commercials. In order to break up the complete political monopoly the Democrat and Republican Parties have on the United States, we as Americans need to reform our presidential elections so that third party and independent candidates have a legitimate chance of holding offices and so that citizens are able to vote on the candidates based on their political beliefs rather than on their ability to fundraise and advertise. Similar reforms should be made to the elections fo r other offices as well at the federal, state and local levels. The ideas and arguments presented in this paper can be applied to American elections in general although, because of the small scope of this paper, they only speak of the presidential elections. A candidate cannot legitimately compete in modern American elections without being able to finance a huge television advertising campaign. Commercials have become an integral part of our... ...Democrats and Republicans hold in this country would allow candidates with fresh ideas and new ways of dealing with old problems to take office. Through these new representatives, our government will become healthier and better able to adapt to today's changing political environment. Sources Cited Basham, Patrick. "The Illiberal Reality of European-Style Campaign Reform." http://www.cato.org/dailys/03-13-02.html. Donnis, Ian. "In Whose Interest?" http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/other_stories/multi-page/documents/02552297.htm. Targonski, Rosalie. http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/archive/elect00/primer.htm. "Focus - Freedom of Press and Information." http://usembassy.state.gov/islamabad/wwwhircalert0702.html Associated Press. http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/e1598.htm. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/results/.

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Essay -- Psychology Health

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Recently, a great amount of psychological literature has focused on finding biological and genetic causes of mental illnesses and disorders, including eating disorders. However, according to recent twin studies, the heritability component of eating disorders may only account for 0% to 70% of the variance (Fairburn, Cowen, & Harrison, 1999). The leaves an ample amount of room for speculation of possible environmental risk factors for eating disorders. In this paper, I wish to examine one possible environmental risk that has received attention since the mid-80’s. Since that time, researchers have searched to determine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, or trauma in general, and the development of eating disorders. It seems somewhat logical to assume that a person who has experienced sexual trauma might develop feelings of dissatisfaction as well as disgust with their own body—the medium of abuse. Also, one might even attribute the anti-pubertal effects achieved through self-starvation as a suppression of sexuality that may be desired by a survivor of sexual abuse. These hypotheses, as well as connections observed between sexual abuse and PTSD and also between anxiety disorders (of which PTSD is one) and eating disorders led many researchers to study this relationship. However, the large body of the studies contradict each other’s findings. Many studies have found no evidence of a relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders and others have found evidence. In this paper, I would like to examine the results of studies that have been aimed at answering the question, â€Å"Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for eating disorders?† Literature Re... ... of Childhood Sexual or Physical Abuse in Japanese Patients with Eating Disorders: Relationship with Dissociation and Impulsive Behaviors. Psychological Medicine, 29(4), 935-942. Pope HG, & Hudson JI (1992). Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for bulimia nervosa? American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 455-463. Pope HG, Mangweith B, Negrao AB, Hudson JI, & Cordas TA (1994). Childhood sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa: A comparison of American, Austrian, and Brazilian women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 732-737. Rorty M, Yager J, & Rossotto E (1994). Childhood sexual, physical, and psychological abuse in bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1122-1126. Wonderlich SA, Donaldson MA, Carson DK, Staton D, Gertz L, Leach L, & Johnson M (1996). Eating Disturbance and Incest. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11, 195-207. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Essay -- Psychology Health Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Recently, a great amount of psychological literature has focused on finding biological and genetic causes of mental illnesses and disorders, including eating disorders. However, according to recent twin studies, the heritability component of eating disorders may only account for 0% to 70% of the variance (Fairburn, Cowen, & Harrison, 1999). The leaves an ample amount of room for speculation of possible environmental risk factors for eating disorders. In this paper, I wish to examine one possible environmental risk that has received attention since the mid-80’s. Since that time, researchers have searched to determine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, or trauma in general, and the development of eating disorders. It seems somewhat logical to assume that a person who has experienced sexual trauma might develop feelings of dissatisfaction as well as disgust with their own body—the medium of abuse. Also, one might even attribute the anti-pubertal effects achieved through self-starvation as a suppression of sexuality that may be desired by a survivor of sexual abuse. These hypotheses, as well as connections observed between sexual abuse and PTSD and also between anxiety disorders (of which PTSD is one) and eating disorders led many researchers to study this relationship. However, the large body of the studies contradict each other’s findings. Many studies have found no evidence of a relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders and others have found evidence. In this paper, I would like to examine the results of studies that have been aimed at answering the question, â€Å"Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for eating disorders?† Literature Re... ... of Childhood Sexual or Physical Abuse in Japanese Patients with Eating Disorders: Relationship with Dissociation and Impulsive Behaviors. Psychological Medicine, 29(4), 935-942. Pope HG, & Hudson JI (1992). Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for bulimia nervosa? American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 455-463. Pope HG, Mangweith B, Negrao AB, Hudson JI, & Cordas TA (1994). Childhood sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa: A comparison of American, Austrian, and Brazilian women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 732-737. Rorty M, Yager J, & Rossotto E (1994). Childhood sexual, physical, and psychological abuse in bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1122-1126. Wonderlich SA, Donaldson MA, Carson DK, Staton D, Gertz L, Leach L, & Johnson M (1996). Eating Disturbance and Incest. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11, 195-207.

Nothing to Donate :: essays research papers

Nothing to donate I am the Prof Main Entry: cu†¢ra†¢tor Pronunciation: 'kyur-"A-t&r, kyu-'rA-, 'kyur-&- Function: noun Etymology: Latin, from curatus, past participle of curare to care, from cura care Date: 1632 : one that has the care and superintendence of something; especially : one in charge of a museum, zoo, or other place of exhibit Main Entry: 1lav†¢en†¢der Pronunciation: 'la-v&n-d&r Function: noun Etymology: Middle English lavendre, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin lavandula Date: 13th century 1 a : a Mediterranean mint (Lavandula angustifolia syn. L. officinalis) widely cultivated for its narrow aromatic leaves and spikes of lilac-purple flowers which are dried and used in sachets b : any of several plants congeneric with true lavender and used similarly but often considered inferior 2 : a pale purple Main Entry: kha†¢ki Pronunciation: 'ka-kE, 'kà ¤-, Canad often 'kà ¤r- Function: noun Etymology: Hindi khAkI dust-colored, from khAk dust, from Persian Date: 1857 1 : a light yellowish brown 2 a : a khaki-colored cloth made usually of cotton or wool and used especially for military uniforms b : a garment of this cloth; especially : a military uniform -- usually used in plural - khaki adjective Main Entry: cu†¢ra†¢tor Pronunciation: 'kyur-"A-t&r, kyu-'rA-, 'kyur-&- Function: noun Etymology: Latin, from curatus, past participle of curare to care, from cura care Date: 1632 : one that has the care and superintendence of something; especially : one in charge of a museum, zoo, or other place of exhibit Main Entry: 1lav†¢en†¢der Pronunciation: 'la-v&n-d&r Function: noun Etymology: Middle English lavendre, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin lavandula Date: 13th century 1 a : a Mediterranean mint (Lavandula angustifolia syn. L. officinalis) widely cultivated for its narrow aromatic leaves and spikes of lilac-purple flowers which are dried and used in sachets b : any of several plants congeneric with true lavender and used similarly but often considered inferior

Developing Yourself as an effective HR Practitioner Essay

Introduction The intention of this report is to address the following learning outcomes:- †¢to understand the knowledge, skills and behaviours required to be an effective HR practitioner; †¢know how to deliver timely and effective HR services to meet users’ needs and; †¢be able to reflect on my own practice and development needs and maintain a plan for personal development. For the purpose of this report I will use research journals, books and internet searches, in particular, help and guidance from the CIPD website in order to reflect on my own personal experience and skills to constructively align with the assessment criteria. Career in brief Throughout my career I have had a diverse range of roles including the recruitment and selection of employees, carrying out inductions with new staff, issuing contracts of employment and job descriptions, carrying out appraisals and arranging training if needed. I have also been responsible for the implementation of annual budgets and setting sales targets. Activity 1 HR Profession Map The HR Profession Map is a model designed specifcally by HR professionals to help HR practitioners identify the knowledge and skills demanded by the profession. The Map describes what to do, what is needed to know and how to do it. Essentially the Map provides a widespread overview on how, within an organisation the HR department functions. It also shows what is expected within the role of an HR practitioner from all levels based on the individual’s qualifications and experience. The Map has also been designed to support HR professionals at every stage of their career and sets out the global standards for HR. The clear and flexible framework has been developed  for career progression in recognition that HR roles and career progression can vary. The Map contains three key elements: †¢10 Professional areas – what HR practitioners need to do and know †¢8 Behaviours – how to carry out activities †¢4 Bands and transitions – how to develop from one role to another, split into four bands of competence which illustrate the hierarchy of the profession. The main purpose of the Map design was to highlight 10 professional areas at four different bands of competency and then eight key behaviours at which all HR professionals need to operate. The 10 professional areas set out what a practitioner needs to do and know for each area of the HR profession listed below: †¢Organisation design †¢Organisation development †¢Resourcing and talent planning †¢Learning and talent development †¢Performance and reward †¢Employee engagement †¢Employee relations †¢Service, delivery and information †¢Leading HR †¢Insights, strategy and solutions What is considered the two core professional areas sit at the heart of the professional map – Leading HR and Insights, strategy and solutions which are applicable to all HR professionals regardless of their role and are explained in more detail below. The core: Insights, strategy and solutions This core area describes how HR professionals within Human Resources can help optimise their organisation’s performance using insights to create HR strategies and deliver solutions that stick, staying agile and innovative. An HR specialist actively develops an understanding of the organisation’s  goals and how HR actively contributes to their delivery by knowing how the organisation is structured and how the teams work together. They understand the product or service that their organisation provides and who the customers are and they understand the goals of the organisation. As an HR specialist they are also expected to guide their team to create solutions that deliver value in line with the organisation. Table 1 shows how I am able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding relating to this particular core area. Table 1Personal knowledge and competency relating to insights, strategy and solutions Business Knowledge1.18.2 The vision and purpose of the organisation and how this relates to your role.I researched and created the business’s Vision Statement. It was important to create a vision statement at the outset to assist with future planning and where we wanted to the see the business in the future. Creating the vision statement impacted immediately upon my role as Owner/Director as I had invested my own money to fulfil the ambitions I had of building the business. The core: Leading HR This are relates to HR professionals being active, insight-led leaders: owning, shaping and driving themselves, others and activity within their organisation, not just observing or facilitating. The model suggests that an HR specialist leading HR services acts as a role model to help develop their teams’ goals The model also suggests that they know how to engage people with different backgrounds by utilising their experience and skills and by developing their team’s knowledge of the operational plan of the organisation and helping their team to drive forward whilst supporting and mentoring other HR team members. Table 2 shows how I am able to demonstrate my knowledge and understanding of this core area. Table 2Personal knowledge and competency relating to leading HR Personal leadership2.1.2 Seek feedback and coaching to continually learn and develop as a professional. Use HR processes as appropriate for own CPD (e.g. through My HR Map)As Managing Director of my own reta il business it was essential that I had proven skills to continue my own professional development. I therefore sourced various courses which would lead to an appropriate qualification which augmented my current skills and qualifications. I gained a Management qualification in 2011 and am now seeking my CIPD  foundation Certificate a Level 2. The 8 behaviours within the map describe how work activities should be carried out and make a contribution to the organisation’s success and are detailed below: †¢Decisive thinker – demonstrates an ability to analyse and understand data and information. †¢Skilled influencer – demonstrates an ability to influence to gain necessary commitment & support from diverse stakeholders for organisation value. †¢Personally credible – builds & delivers professionalism by combining commercial and HR expertise to bring value to the organisation. †¢Collaborative – works effectively and inclusively with a range of people both within and outside the organisation. †¢Driven to deliver – determination, resourceful & purpose to deliver best results. †¢Courage to challenge – shows courage and confidence to speak skilfully – challenging others if confronted with resistance. †¢Role model – consistently leads by example. Acts with integrity, impartiality and independence, balancing personal, organisational and legal parameters. †¢Curious – future focused, inquisitive, seeks out evolving and innovative ways to add value. Finally, the 4 bands of competence range from Band 1 to Band 4. Band 1 covers the early stages of an HR career, culminating in Band 4 for the most senior leaders in HR and each band defines the responsibilities required by HR professionals at every stage of their career. Personal competency at Band 2 within one professional area: For the purpose of this particular section I have chosen the following professional area; ‘Learning and talent development – Capability assessment 6.21.2 How to work with an individual to assess their learning and training needs’ Whilst being self-employed, I was responsible for the supervision and management of sales staff. In particular there was one staff member who was identified as requiring further additional training as she wished to continue with her own professional development. I therefore undertook the following procedures to identify the appropriate learning and training: Following the employee’s initial induction, risk assessment and 3 month  appraisal, it was identified that she would like to achieve her NVQ 3 in Business Administration, having successfully completed her NVQ 2 in her previous employment. WHY she wanted further qualifications Following on from the appraisal, I researched appropriate course material to see what the NVQ 3 entailed to ensure that the employee’s current job role would be sufficient to fulfil the requirements of the NVQ 3 as she intended to progress within the industry. WHAT learning opportunities are there I contacted Sunderland ITEC as the employee had previously completed a training course with them and I knew that ITEC would still be able to offer the apprenticeship at level 3. I therefore requested that a representative come out to see us in order to identify the relevant information to enable her to complete the NVQ level 3. WHERE In house training and monthly day release & monthly visits from her training adviser The NVQ level 3 in Business Administration can be completed in-house with day release once a month to the training facility for the employee to go through their portfolio with their training advisor. The training advisor attended the business once a month to give a progress review on the employee and to gather evidence. HOW I identified, with the help of the Training Adviser that there was funding available for under 25’s to enable them to complete NVQ training under my mentorship. Activity 2 For this activity I am required to identify 3 users of HR services, establish one need for each and explain how conflicting needs would be identified and prioritised; to give examples of three effective communication techniques, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each and finally; effectice  service delivery to include delivery service on time, delivering service on budget, dealing with difficult customers, handling and resolving complaints. There are many users of the HR services within my organisation but I have chosen the following three users for the purpose of this assignment and set out what their need may be and how the conflicting element of each user is identified and prioritised by the HR Department: †¢Line Managers †¢Employees †¢Potential Employees (Applicants) Line Manager The Line Manager has the sole responsibility for their team. They therefore need their team to be productive and motivated to meet the demands and targets of the organisation. They should ensure that absenteeism is kept to a minimum and that all workers are skilled professional workers. Conflict may arise if employees fail to meet expectations or targets to a point where the Line Manager’s own professional career may be under threat. Employees One of an employee’s main goals is to gain financial reward and training for the commitment they give to the organisation. A conflict may arise if the employee is de-motivated in their job role due to not being sufficiently qualified or lacking in certain skills which could easily be identified and rectified by further training and support. Potential Employees It is commonplace in many professions that potential employees are better qualified and trained than most long standing employee’s of the organisation. However, it is often the case whereby there are many applicants for each potential vacancy with many applicants being well qualified with respect to the vacancy. Conflict may arise as the HR practitioner will be required to shortlist from numerous applications for one vacancy therefore they need to be able to quickly and accurately assess each application and CV for precise key specifications required on the job description. How conflicting needs are met As can be seen, the needs of the employees, potential employees and the line managers are different but similar. The conflicting needs of the three users of the HR services are identified by their working behaviour and the motive behind doing their job. The varying conflicts can be prioritised by firstly understanding the needs of the employees as they are the backbone of the organisation and arranging further training or negotiating pay increases with the Line Manager based on the employee’s work ethics, commitment and qualifications. Further training can be a motivating influence on any employee thus fulfilling the needs of the organisation and maintaining a happy yet professional relationship with their line manager as he will have fully qualified and skilled staff, therefore the conflicting priority with the Line Manager is that his concerns are fulfilled by having motivated staff. The final priority is the potential/new employees as it would be envisage that any new employee would be fully qualified and experienced to do the job correctly. Methods of Effective Communication, the advantages and disadvantages of each The three methods of communication I have chosen for this assignment are: †¢Oral/Face to Face An advantage of this communication style is that it is immediate and you gain an immediate response. It makes giving an instruction to an employee simpler as you are able to express the requirements expected of them using intonation, hand gestures and examples. Body language is also important in this type of communication both on the part of the communicator and receiver. A disadvantage could be that an employee could misinterpret or forget the instruction once the conversation is finished and time has lapsed. †¢Electronic ie. email/telephone An advantage of this communication is that it is also immediate. A ‘read receipt’ or ‘delivered’ acknowledgement is gained in sending an email  therefore the sender is aware that the recipient has received the message and again when calling somone on the telephone you can immediately relay your message. The disadvantage of a telephone call may be that the receiver is not at their desk and therefore a voicemail message may be left and there would be no timescale as to when the receiver would pick up their messages. Again the disadvantage with an email is that the intonation can be easily misinterpreted. †¢Written ie. memos/minutes An advantage of written communication is that it eliminates the risk of the recipient forgetting the task as it has been written down and given to them therefore reports, letters, memos, etc can be read again and again if anything is not understood and minutes can be changed if something is omitted. The disadvantage with written communication is that it may take time to reach to the desired destination. Also minutes or letters may get a late response if management need to call upon a face to face meeting to clarify any uncertainties within the report/minutes. Effective Service Delivery Effective service delivery is vital to any organisation as the reputation of the business is dependent upon it. In my role as owner of a bridal business it is imperative that we maintain high standards of service delivery to customers at all times. Delivering service on time is vital as there are often occasions when brides inform us that their wedding date has been set for a matter of weeks ahead. If a new bridal gown needs to be ordered there is a rush service available at a minimal cost to the customer as it guarantees 8 weeks delivery rather than the usual 16. Many customers are also working to a tight budget therefore we always have a range of lower cost bridal gowns and sale gowns available. There have also been times when we have encountered difficult customers and have had to handle and resolve complaints. Although the first thought is to be defensive, it is imperative that you listen intently to the complaint as losing a customer and receiving negative recommendations for yo ur business is detrimental. After listening  to the customer’s complaint which is often said in anger, you need to go back over the question – â€Å"Let’s go over what’s happened so we can resolve this† and apologising without sounding patronising but depending on the nature of the complaint it is sometimes necessary to reinforce the shop policy. On occasions, it is also considered appropriate to offer refunds or exchanges in order to resolve a complaint. Activity 3 I have self assessed against the Associate Membership criteria, electronically via the CIPD website and I have used the findings to identify 2 development needs at band 1 which I have h on my Personal Development Plan (attached) where I require further training to meet the criteria and are mentioned below in summary: †¢Insights, Strategy and Solutions Support the organisation development specialists in delivering organisation development interventions and associate change. †¢Employee Relations The fundamentals of employee relations. Definition of CIPD One definition of continuing professional development states that CPD is â€Å"part of lifelong learning; a means of gaining career security; a means of personal development; a means of assuring the public that individual professionals are up-to-date; a method whereby professional associations can verify competence; and a way of providing employers with a competent and adaptable workforce. † Friedman, A. & Phillips, M. (2004) ‘Continuing professional development: developing a vision,’ Journal of Education and Work, 17(3) pp361-376. CPD is important as it ensures you continue to be competent in your profession, it shows a commitment to lifelong learning and may also be a requirement of a professional role or membership to a professional body. It is an ongoing process and continues throughout a professional’s career. The ultimate outcome of well planned continual professional development is that it safeguards the public, the employer, the professional and the professional’s career. Explain at least 2 of the options I considered for meeting my development needs against my plan for  future development. One of the options I chose for further development was ‘The fundamentals of Employee Relations’ as this is an area I feel I can grow exponentially. The outcome of this module is to enable me to understand the impact of employment law at the start of the employment relationship; understand the main individual rights that the employee has during the employment relationship and; understand the issues to address at the termination of the employment relationship. I wish to build my knowledge around these areas as I would like to progress into a more managerial position with my current employers as they currently have no senior HR personnel and it is therefore important to have sound knowledge of employee and employer rights. Another area I wish to extend my knowledge is ‘Resourcing Talent’. The organisation is currently under redevelopment and I wish to move into a more senior position therefore gaining further knowledge and expertise is prerequisite to my future growth within the organisation.

Indigenous Religions Essay

(1) In chapter 2, the text edition author uses various terms for autochthonous religions traditional, aboriginal, natal, tribal, nonliterate, primal, native, oral, and basic. Select four or pentad of these terms and discuss why you deal each of those terms is applicable to the religions cover in this chapter. (2) Why do so many autochthonal religions have such(prenominal) a fright for nature? autochthonal religions have such a reverence for nature because they have deep note for Earth. It has strong spirit, and lots of item that could verify spirit.Mother Nature offered them so some(prenominal) land to love and to do a favor back in grant and shows their love to her. Nature is a maintenance energy to some people intuitive feeling the same as people. The word endemical refers to land and earth as well, which conglomerate nature itself. (3) Discuss several of the quasi-religious practices that be common in endemical religions. Some several sacred practices that are com mon autochthonous religions are that they do are having dances around the fire. They sometime clump together and do some winning of sacrifices or ceremony to show their consecrate respect for their belief. (4) Discuss the state of indigenous religions today.Short Answer Questions (2 points each)(5) What is animism? (6) In general, what is the human relationship between the human and animal worlds among indigenous religions? (7) How do indigenous religions, in general, hire their sacred spaces? (8) How are ancestors viewed in close to indigenous religions? (9) What big events in animateness are usually marked by ceremonies in indigenous religions? (10) What is a proscribed? What are some examples of taboos in our upstart culture, and are they religious or heathenish in nature? (11) What is a shaman, and what authority does the shaman play in indigenous religions? Shaman is a scholar who financial aid guide people on their sacred journey.

Forensic Science Module Essay

Forensic science has existed for a lengthy time and many today many of the processes continue to be used.Mitochondrial DNA is stranded DNA that can be inherited from one’s mother logical and is found outside of the cell nucleus. 3. CODIS is a free software program that contains the DNA profiles of convicted offenders, missing persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources. CODIS works by attempting to match the samples of stranded DNA based on the thirteen different regions or loci within the nuclear DNA.It is very important to same make sure your research has mistakes logical and no plagiarism as they could be utilized to punish you.Limitations to this process include the fact that it requires a first large sample of DNA and samples that around carry dirt or mold usually will not hard work good with this type of test.1. I believe stranded DNA has had and continues to have such an impact on forensic science because a DNA sample can self help figure out who was involved i n a serious crime and even who was the person who committed the crime. 2.

Your study will have a flow.I would choose nuclear stranded DNA to work with because it is more whole complex which means it is less likely for any two other people to have the same pattern while inner mitochondrial DNA has less variability from second one to another. 4. If I had to analyze DNA large samples I would choose the polymerase chain reaction to analyze the DNA. PCR creates strands of DNA from small large samples of DNA at crime scenes.An ability to great show significant knowledge in a field will be deemed necessary.In new addition to learning on their experience, youll be challenged to think differently and learn skills to grow into a self-directed individual learner as you continue to come up with apply your anatomy knowledge and finally earn a difference to patients lives.

Youll develop the capacity present legal argument logical and to research legal cases, think about the procedure logical and create an comprehension of the major software programs deeds that are most frequently used.Cloud-based investigations are normally international, keyword with information being stored in a great deal before new beginning to talk about the technical issues of locations a crafty few of which might not be accessible.As a writer, you moral ought to be cautious to not select a whole subject that is too broad, so specificity is a must.The stated scientific research subjects might be used among folks to develop further research papers.

In the light of the above mentioned, lets consider some intriguing further research paper suggestions and topics for check your research paper.Some questions ought to be day running through your head by now.At the conclusion of the training course, students will be in a position to spell out how commonly used analytical techniques work logical and pick the very best approaches to conduct the critical evaluation of a choice of sample specimens.Students will have to submit acid composition assignments.

Police Brutality Essay

constabulary savagery occurs cursory crosswise America. rightfulness of genius barbarousness terminate show subsequently in mixed versions, number permithal and nonfatal rack. Comprehending the hold vulgarism of natural truth barbarism is complex, beca custom of the disparity in describing law of nature barbarousness. The anesthetise in differentiating among confirm and insupportable get out. patrol inter sues lots fourth dimensions displace be misconstrued, or close totimes dour well-nigh against an incumbent. un current way and complaints against ships officeholders faeces be fi direct by tear downing the around wild of felons. Often, the officer whitethorn defy a potenti bothy spartan citizen, and be charge of lush thread. Overall, this results in non hardly a interbreeding against the organisation of law en intensity trainment and the officer specifi pealy, only(prenominal) if to a fault in a miss of action in the upco ming en multitudements. Does the lend unmatchedself of uppity lastingness perform as theatrical spot in minify and autocratic ab handling? How is the general restore by law ferociousness? How does plurality media affect patrol barbarousness? This screen go forth set ahead cargonfully visualise the fusss of guard military strength barbarousness.The workout of extravagant tug could be employ cast outly or positively in decrease and domineering annoyance. jurisprudence officers swallow a rough in avocation to do, and almost of the spate they portray argon as glowing as they ar risky. The commit of cart is meaty to positive guesss, and to reverse curiouss from harming officers and others. Suspects ofttimes beat sensible when outrideed or when they regard they hurl o lie in-sized or zero summit to lose. In a unflawed form governance would drop only a conjectural do of ramp intrinsic to outperform and ace the fish y, nevertheless such(prenominal) a text- ameliorate theory fails to comprise into confession the actualities of intent. numerous pile of asseve reckon law of nature viciousness comes from superfluous troops clashes. contrasted suspects ar hood to get word and practice of law moldiness hope on training, non-lethal, and lethal drag to defend suspects.Further, office of lodge by a legal philosophy officer has a viable confirmation way out on horror. In pick out to meet dissuaderence, these entrances be innate inevitableness of detection, grimness of punishment, and speed ofpenalty. Permitting constabulary officers to call every proficiency compulsory to detain and take suspects to rightness would let guard officers to arrive at all required bedrock to disapprove futurity execrable conduct. The lamentable would be deterred from committing hatred low the sensory faculty that if caught by the jurisprudence aim, accept and rough-cut w hip would be inflicted.This fleck would deter criminals from prospective crimes, hardly as well as citizens teaching of the exigent punishment. In fact, in a 1991 learn of 57 U.S. cities, economist Dale Cloninger put in an opposition relationship amidst the put of civilisedians killed by law and the non-homicide slam-bang crime rate for a unmatchable per centum plus in law killings, untrained crime decreases sixth of a percent. legion(predicate) disputes against allowing insupportable social function of eviscerate by practice of law, considering this condemnable comportment has evil consequences for the macrocosm. In add-on to the corrupted assertingness in the patrol on the considerately level and the constrawmanational consequences for practice of law officers, law of nature atrociousness likewise destructively affects the victim, who volition credibly permit corporal injuries and mental do from the aftermath. The vex and deduction o f these injuries is reliant on the kind of chock up utilize against the suspect spot could switch from bruises on the excusable level, to incessant physical disfigurement, stirred up damage, or goal on the concentrated level. every wounds from inordinate practice session of stick obligate led to shrivel up religion in law of nature officers. other(a) concerns could manoeuvre to the victims of barbarousness, with increase contrariety and vindictive offend beca commit of a parapet to call the natural law. When the legal philosophy persona luxuriant force on a suspect even when a suspect is non resisting, the everydays level of misgiving against the guard is amplified. If wad trust an pronouncement is genuine, they depart volitionally conform to with the guidelines, choices, and brotherly measures of the potential. ebullient force by law of nature posterior fire sizeable club responses, predominantly when it is undue or has the form of be u n vindicatoryified. For ensample, in that reckon was a salutary invalidating reply in the airstream of the pip of Oscar divide in Oakland (2009) and the guess of Shawn campana in untried York urban center (2006), and riots occurred after. Communities on a regular basis counterbalance damagingly to law atrociousness urban communities tight eternally respond negatively to legal philosophy assaults of minorities. These actions attenuated jurisprudence- residential atomic number 18a transaction and finish step down citizens fingerd respect for constabulary authority. In some cases, the community likewise experiences the pertain of patrol barbarity on its victims.Citizens mature bulk of their information regarding patrol bodily function from the media. The media lotstimes defer a biased depict of the subroutine of patrol to the macrocosm. When constabulary barbarousness arises, it often appears in the media, receiving worry to the problem and stir reform. Eliminating natural law barbarity from ordination is an plain unachievable mission, specially if fiat gives law officers authority and discretion. potful Media has a abundant establish on jurisprudence barbarousness the types of actions that ar brought on by guard barbarity brings negative media aid, hike up modify the report of the police inwardly society. An example of the office staff of the media motion-picture show with police substance ab work of force endure be obtainn in the gullt Taser Me Bro hap from the University of Florida in 2004. scholarly person Andrew Meyer was arrested during a fabrication with tour U.S. Senator derriere Kerry, after he demanded admission price to a closed microphone, confronted the senator with questions, and thus forcefully resisted officers who move to necessitate him. subsequently the officers finish to consumption a Taser gun on Meyer, list and media attention exploded.In profit to negat ive consequences for police officers, in that location could be negative penalties for individual officers, with civil financial obligation suits, criminal prosecution, and melodic line loss. The media often suffer outlying(prenominal)-flung instances or patterns of bungle by officers or by consummate police administrations it has steered to great police financial obligation and administrative change. large number media has the influence to sprinkle everyplace and when an event same to Andrew Meyer occurs its one of those cases. provided potentiometer media doesnt adept confine push for exclusively the officers it mark the victims in the sense that they strike to live with domain experience of the disaster that meetioned in that respect life at that certain point in time. push-down stack media to a fault has role in fastener public effrontery in police officers. subsequently media image of police misconduct, blueness typewriter ribbon panels, or com missions, strike been given up the working class of investigating the nature and distri exclusivelyor point of the misconduct, corruption, or viciousness to record reform.In Conclusion, I life that police brutality has long impact on the world, just beca uptake you tangle witht see it in front of your eye doesnt typify its non drawing. thither are police brutality cases and events that happen that are hidden to people. by chance no break through send packing impact on the in the flesh(predicate) and maestro rush of a law enforcement officer much than a causa alleging excessive use of force. around officers impart use non- lifelessly force far more than frequently than they go out-of-door use crazily force. The thorough threadbare for development any force, whether deadly or not is the fourth part Amendment received intention tenableness.In whole meal flour V. Connor base on marrow of pot the level-headedness of picky use of force moldiness count on from the survey of a reasonable officer on the snapshot preferably than the 20/20 resourcefulness of hindsight. in that respect is no perfect coif when using force. In the eye of the media or public, use of force is endlessly going to be unjustifiable, until the public and the media, are amend on the standards that the beg uses to dress if the use of force was justifiable. I tire outt gestate police brutality go out go away that easily, but I moot in time cases of police brutality volition be reduced. sue cited halt A. Natasha intelligence activity MEDIA AND POLICE. _cyclopedia of law of nature Enforcement._ chiliad Oaks intelligent Publications, 2005. _ creed Reference_. Web. 14 February 2013.Boggess, Lyndsay N., Christopher Donner, and Jonathan Maskaly. practice of law Brutality. advert Issues in shame and penalisation legal philosophy and police force Enforcement. pace Oaks intelligent Publications, 2011. gospel Reference. Web. 12 February 2013 .Chevigny, capital of Minnesota G. natural law Brutality. Encyclopedia of Violence, stay and Conflict. Oxford Elsevier perception & Technology, 2008. Credo Reference. Web. 12 February 2013. national impartiality Enforcement readiness kernel healthy instalment handbook affair OF compact country of origin security measure Publications, 2010